Before construction begins, detailed design work based on the architectural blueprints is required to break down the structure into components-such as wall panels, beams, columns, floor slabs, staircases, and window/door units-while specifying their dimensions, connection methods, and installation sequences. Subsequently, factory-based production is carried out in accordance with design requirements; this involves numbering, quality inspection, and transport preparation for the prefabricated components to ready them for on-site installation.
On-site construction requires surveying and layout work on the building foundation and installation locations to pinpoint the exact position of each prefabricated component. Components are then hoisted and positioned according to the construction sequence; lifting equipment moves them to the designated spots, where temporary supports are used to secure and align them. Once installed, components undergo checks for elevation, verticality, and axial alignment; final connections are made only after positional accuracy is confirmed. For large components like wall panels, beams, columns, and floor slabs, specific connection joints are designed based on structural load requirements to ensure the building's overall stability.
Joint connection is a critical technical aspect of prefabricated building construction. Depending on structural characteristics, various connection methods may be employed, including bolting, welding, grouting, sleeve connections, and other mechanical fastening techniques. For prefabricated traditional-style buildings, joint designs may incorporate traditional mortise-and-tenon structures, leveraging modern connection technology to enhance installation precision while preserving traditional architectural features. After connections are made, joints are inspected and treated to ensure secure bonding between components and the formation of a stable, integrated structure.
Prefabricated construction also necessitates careful attention to component transportation and on-site protection. Prefabricated components must be protected against impact, deformation, and damage during transport and hoisting, and they should be stored in an organized manner based on their identification numbers and installation sequence. Upon completion of construction, the overall structure, connection joints, and component surfaces are inspected, with any detected deviations promptly adjusted or rectified. Overall, prefabricated construction technology is characterized by standardized design, factory production, mechanized hoisting, assembly-based connections, and comprehensive quality control; these features reduce on-site labor while enhancing construction efficiency and project quality.